April 30, 2013
New! GFMT article: Raising standards to improve profitability with Econase XT Mixer Liquid Application
Caroline Joos, technical support, Adisseo, France takes us through improving pig health management with a versatile enzyme. Check it out in full here.
Recent trials confirm that the introduction of a versatile NSP (Non-Starch Polysaccharides) enzyme in pig diets, improves performance and homogeneity of animals from weaning to slaughter. This has a positive impact on health management by a reduction of re-allotting and increased clean downtime.
Read the full article here.
Recent trials confirm that the introduction of a versatile NSP (Non-Starch Polysaccharides) enzyme in pig diets, improves performance and homogeneity of animals from weaning to slaughter. This has a positive impact on health management by a reduction of re-allotting and increased clean downtime.
Read the full article here.
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| Raising standards to improve profitability with Econase XT Mixer Liquid Application |
30/04/2013: Crystal Valley Cooperative to build grain terminal; train derailment spills grain in Blue Earth; bird flu could reduce domestic demand for feed
The Crystal Valley board of directors, contractors and members of
the Hope Township board have announced plans to build a new grain terminal outside of Hope in Steel County. Ground work on the project is expected to begin on or about May 1, 2013 with a scheduled completion date of August 1, 2014.
Plans
for the facility include upright storage of 3.8 million bushels,
temporary storage of 2.8 million bushels, receiving capacity of 60,000
bushels per hour by way of three 20,000 bushel per hour receiving pits,
and rail load-out capacity of 80,000 bushels per hour. It will also
include an 8,100-foot loop track and a 10,000-bushel per hour grain
dryer.
Crystal Valley is a farmer-owned, full service cooperative with 145
full-time employees serving agricultural producers with agronomy, feed,
grain, petroleum and propane products and services.
A cleanup is under way in the southern Minnesota town of Blue Earth,
where 17 cars derailed on a train carrying corn, and 10 tipped on their
sides.
Mark Davis, Union Pacific spokesman says the 73-car
train was carrying corn from Fairmont, Minn., to Blair, Neb., when it
happened. The cause is under investigation, and there's no estimate yet on how much grain spilled.
A drop off in Chinese demand for soybeans used to feed poultry and
livestock could last for months, as consumers lose their appetite for
poultry in response to a deadly bird flu virus outbreak and amid
lingering images of rotting pig carcasses floating in a river.
China, which buys 60 percent of the world's traded soybeans, could
further reduce bean imports this year - already down some 13 percent
year to date on food security concerns and high stocks - which will
likely curb a rally in benchmark Chicago prices.
Authorities
have culled tens of thousands of birds as it tries to contain the spread
of the H7N9 virus that has killed 22 people and infected 108 since the
first deaths were reported in March.
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| Union Pacific Railroad 9214, a GE Dash 8-40C, leads an eastbound train up California's Cajon Pass on May 10, 1991. Photo by Sean Lamb (User:Slambo) (Photo credit: Wikipedia) |
April 29, 2013
Satake
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| SATAKE produce a wide range of Colour Sorting Machines. These machines can be used for separation of whole grains/beans, granular materials, pellets, seed sorting and other applications where traditional methods of mechanical separation cannot give the required speed and accuracy. |
New! GFMT article: Fine grinding and BS3 Xylanase improve productivity in weaners
The fourth article from the new issue of GFMT is online now. Check it out in full here.
Dorthe K Rasmussen, Marie Lybye Andersson, and Lisbeth Jørgensen of the Pig Research Centre, Denmark, take take us through fine grinding and BS3 Xylanase in pig feed.
In the Danish pig production industry, carbohydrate-splitting enzymes,
primarily xylanase, are often added to pig feed to improve gain and feed
conversion ratio (FCR). Several trial activities have investigated
various enzyme products for pigs – nationally as well as internationally
- all with highly varying outcome. Danish trials with finishers
revealed effects on FCR ranging from 0 – 3 percent when xylanase is
added to the feed. Lately, most trial activities have focused on the
effect of xylanase on finisher production, whereas in Denmark in recent
years no investigations have focused on the effect of xylanase on
weaners.
Read the full article here.
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| In the Danish pig production industry, carbohydrate-splitting enzymes, primarily xylanase, are often added to pig feed to improve gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR). |
29/04/2013: Farmers want GrainCorp sale inquiry; new O.H. Kruse feed technology innovation centre; Japanese Poultry gobbling up US soy meal
The NSW Farmers Association is calling for a federal
inquiry into the sale of east coast grain handler GrainCorp to US Archer Daniels Midland (ADM), reports ABC News.
GrainCorp handles over
three-quarters of the grain grown in eastern Australia and directly
sells half of the wheat exported from NSW.
GrainCorp directors
have accepted a takeover bid from Archer Daniels Midland of $3.4 billion
dollars, after rejecting lesser offers from the American company.
ADM
says if the offer proceeds the deal with help "connect Australia's
growers with growing global demand for crops and food, particularly in
Asia and the Middle East".
The new feed technology centre at K-State is becoming a reality. Construction has begun and should be completed in mid-2013.
The facility will serve as the new home of the feed science and
management program, which has provided nearly 700 graduates to the US
feed manufacturing industry during the 60 years since the industry
helped to establish the programme at K-State. In addition, several
thousand domestic and international feed industry professionals have
participated in educational short courses and seminars provided by the
programme.
The faculty members have been a source of problem solving and new
technological information throughout the programme’s history. The programme
has been fortunate to have a dedicated teaching and research feed mill
available on campus for student, faculty and client use. Even though
remodeled and updated numerous times, the present feed mill has far
outlived its useful life and will finally be replaced.
Soy meal produced from US soybeans has been a favorite of Japanese
poultry for fifty years. Now, demand is shifting and soy meal imports
there are expected to grow, according to the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA).
That may be good news for U.S. soybean farmer, since US Census
figures show Japan is the second largest buyer of US soy meal in
Asia.
“United Soybean Board (USB) research is creating a body of
information showing soy meal produced from US soybeans has
consistently higher quantities of the five essential amino acids,” says
Scott Singlestad, a USB farmer-leader who raises soybeans and corn. “That’s given US soy meal a higher feeding value over
its competitors.”
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| Soy bean snack (Photo credit: Wikipedia) |
April 26, 2013
Adisseo - survey on the nutritional value of soya bean, rapeseed meals and cereals for animal nutrition
A survey on the nutritional value of soybean and rapeseed meals and wheat and corn for monogastric feeds has been conducted by Adisseo. Results show great variations in the nutrient vakue depending on year of harvest, cultivar, geographical origin and processing conditions. The survey included analysis of the digestible amino acid and apparent metabolise energy (AME) values using Adisseo's NIR predictive equations which have been calculated in reference to in vivo digestibility tests.
In 2012, Adisseo conducted a large survey of the nutritional content
of soybean and rapeseed meals in Europe over
a 6 week period.
Great heterogeneity was
observed, with
variation coefficients ranging from
3 percent to 8 percent for the
main components: crude
protein, total
and digestible lysine,
total and
phytic phosphorus and
AME. Highest
variations were
observed for
AME of soyabean meals,
and digestible amino
acid contents of rapeseed meal.
An important influence of the country of origin
In 170 samples of soya bean meals collected over a 6 week period from 13 countries in Europe and America, crude protein content ranged from 44 percent to 51 percent and total lysine from 2.54% to 3.01%. The Lysine to crude protein ratio depended on the country of origin. Botanical or cultural effect? Difficult to say without further investigation, but observations are clear for similar crude protein contents, samples coming from Argentina had higher lysine levels than samples coming from Brazil and US.
In 170 samples of soya bean meals collected over a 6 week period from 13 countries in Europe and America, crude protein content ranged from 44 percent to 51 percent and total lysine from 2.54% to 3.01%. The Lysine to crude protein ratio depended on the country of origin. Botanical or cultural effect? Difficult to say without further investigation, but observations are clear for similar crude protein contents, samples coming from Argentina had higher lysine levels than samples coming from Brazil and US.
Interestingly, lysine digestibility was
higher in US samples, as reported by Mateos et al. (2010).
Consequently regarding the
total content
of digestible lysine,
soya
bean meals from Argentina contained the
most, followed by those from
the US,
then those
from Brazil
and finally, with
the least,
those from
India.
Are you sure about the value of your soybean meal?
Even for a well characterized product, great variations in nutritional content were observed. “Soybean meal 48 ProFat” are supposed to contain 48 percent crude protein + fat, with comparable digestible amino acid and energy contents. In fact, the Adisseo study showed that crude protein content varied by 1 to 2 percentage points and digestible amino acid content by 4 to 5 percent. The most variable nutrient was AME with variations between 80 to 120 kcal/kg.
The oil content is not the main cause of the variation in AME. Crude fibre explains a part of it. Let’s explain why. To manufacture soybean meal 48 ProFat, the crushers can decide to dehull the beans before extracting the oil. They then add back the hulls to an extent they perceive is necessary to create a protein + fat content of 48 percent. The highest the initial protein content of the bean, the highest the amount of hulls to be added, and the highest the crude fibre content as well. We achieve a paradox where better seeds may result in meals of lower nutrient interest.
Energy value is somewhat correlated with fibre content, but the linear regression from fibre to energy content is not precise enough to be used in formulation: with 5% crude fibre content, a soybean meal can contain 2300 or 2450 kcal AME/ Kg (Figure 2). This 150 Kcal difference, picked up by PNE, Adisseo NIRS Service, would correspond to a soybean meal shadow price difference of 45 €/ T.
In practice, excluding high crude fibre contents for monogastrics should be the first reflex, but privileging the raw materials with the lowest levels of fibre is not a guarantee of high nutritional value.
Aurélie Preynat, Enzyme Research Manager with Adisseo and author of several reports on the efficacy of multi enzyme Rovabio in soybean meal, explains: “Indeed fibres do not act only as nutrient diluent. Their complex constituents, such as mannans, pectins, xylans, and cellulose, also specifically decrease energy and amino acid digestibilities. Our NIRS service is an efficient tool to rapidly and efficiently monitor the nutrients really available to the poultry.”
“The commercial nomination ‘48 PRoFat’ is not sufficient for precise nutrition and optimized feed production. More efficient characterization and selection of the ingredients, based on their nutritional values, can result in savings as high as 10 €/t of feed” calculates Elisabeth Bourgueil, Adisseo Technical Manager France, Iberia and Italy.
Rapeseed meal quality is largely affected by the crusher’s process
Rapeseed meal quality also depends on the country of production and crushing plants.
In this 2012 survey, rapeseed meals produced in Germany appeared to have higher non phytic to phytic phosphorus ratios than those produced in France, suggesting higher available phosphorus values. On average, digestible lysine contents are also higher.
Differences within a country are however as high as between countries. Repeated sampling of six French rapeseed meal factories over a one month period showed for example that lysine digestibility ranges between 72 percent to 80 percent and is very plant specific (Figure 3).
This analysis shows an important effect of suppliers, especially for digestible amino acid contents. The method using regressions to predict digestible amino acid content based on crude protein content is unable to reflect these differences. Introducing NIR calibrations for digestible amino acids in quality control plans at raw material reception is therefore a step forward to optimize ingredient purchases and proper use in feed formulations.
Apparent Metabolisable Energy (kcal/kg)
“Digestible lysine content is a key marker of quality of rapeseed meals. We have similar findings in DDGS, the by products of ethanol production, and this observation may be applied to a larger range of processed feedstuffs”, says Cécile Gady, Adisseo NIRS and Feedstuff Manager
400 equations to provide more precise values
This large scale study illustrates that classical laboratory analyses and knowledge of the origin of the raw material are a first steps in feedstuff characterizations, but they are not sufficient to get a good prediction of nutritional contents. ‘PNE, Precise Nutrition Evaluation’, the Adisseo NIRS service, gives the possibility to go one step further, with the measurement of the real digestible amino acid and AME values. For 15 years, Adisseo has been working on the correlations existing between feedstuff NIR spectra and in vivo data, obtained in vivo digestibility trials conducted at their research facility CERN in France. The outcome? 400 equations providing the most precise values on total and digestible amino acids, AME, total and phytic phosphorus and the possibility to estimate, on a routine basis, those most costly nutrients in monogastric diets (Figure 4).
These NIRS analyses are useful to ensure that diets provide the expected nutrients at the lowest cost. Knowing one’s raw materials should be a concern shared by all functions: quality manager, nutritionist and buyer. Especially when feedstuffs are so expensive, it is important to ensure you are purchasing the right feedstuff for the right objective at the right price.
Nutritionists also need Precise Nutrition Evaluation for wheat and corn.
In 2009 and 2010, Adisseo also carried out a large survey of 300 samples of wheat and corn collected from 19 countries from Europe and Africa. The aim was to measure the nutritional profile of cereals according to harvest and country. All samples were analyzed for their nutrient content, digestible amino acid concentrations and AME using NIR.
The concentrations of digestible lysine in wheats ranged from 0.23 to 0.32 g/100g, with a significant effect of geographical origin. For AME, Eastern countries exhibited the lowest content (from 2786 to 2860 Kcal/kg) whereas the highest concentrations were found in the northern countries (2880 to 2923Kcal/kg).
Amino acids and AME contents of corn showed a similar level of variability, with a significant country effect. AME ranged from 3367 Kcal/ kg in Romania and Spain to 3 441 Kcal/kg in Germany and Argentina. This observation may be due to the interaction of many factors, including grain growing and drying conditions.