by
Biosupply, Indonesia
Mycotoxins can be described as a family of poisonous secondary metabolites which can be generated from specific moulds. In general, they are able to grow on many different natural materials which can include foodstuff and crops, for example apple juice, dried fruit, coffee, nuts, cereals and many spices. Under suitable moisture and temperature conditions, fungi are able to rapidly proliferate to generate a large number of mycotoxins.
At present, there are more than 500 different mycotoxins which have been discovered and there is a gradual increase in this number as each year passes by.
Listed below are some of the most common types of mycotoxins:
Aflatoxins: These belong to a family of mycotoxins which are produced by different strains of Aspergillus. There are many foodstuffs where these moulds can be found to grow, some of the most common including cereals, oilseeds, corn, cotton seeds, peanuts, spices, unrefined vegetable oils, cocoa, coffee and dried fruits. Sixteen different types of aflatoxins have been discovered and the most common types are aflatoxin B1, B2, G1, G2, M1 and M2.
Fumonisins: These moulds are predominately discovered as contaminants in countries that have a temperate climate. Corn is an example of one of the most frequent contaminated products. There is also evidence to indicate that this mould may also be present in malt brewing and grains. Fumonisin B1 and B2 are typical examples.
Trichothecene: These are members of the sesquiterpene family of compounds and there are 150 chemically-related mycotoxins which are present in this group. These mycotoxins are produced from Stachybotrys and they have been found in many different types of grains such as oats, wheat and maize. Satratoxin-H, T-2 mycotoxin and vomitoxin are common examples.
Ochratoxin: These are mycotoxins which are often produced from specific types of fungi, in particular aspergillus ochraceus or penicillium verrucosum. Naturally, they can be present in a number of different plants such as cocoa, beans, coffee, nuts and cereals. Ochatratoxin A, B and C are some of the common typical example of these mycotoxins.
Zearalenone: These are estrogenic metabolites which are formed from Gibberella and Fusarium species. It has a property of being heat stable and can be present throughout the world in many different cereal crops such as wheat, oats, rice, sorghum and maize. Typical example of toxic substances produced by Fusarium species include zearalenone, HT-2 toxin, deoxynivalenol and diacetoxyscirpenol.
Read more HERE.
Mycotoxins can be described as a family of poisonous secondary metabolites which can be generated from specific moulds. In general, they are able to grow on many different natural materials which can include foodstuff and crops, for example apple juice, dried fruit, coffee, nuts, cereals and many spices. Under suitable moisture and temperature conditions, fungi are able to rapidly proliferate to generate a large number of mycotoxins.
At present, there are more than 500 different mycotoxins which have been discovered and there is a gradual increase in this number as each year passes by.
Listed below are some of the most common types of mycotoxins:
Aflatoxins: These belong to a family of mycotoxins which are produced by different strains of Aspergillus. There are many foodstuffs where these moulds can be found to grow, some of the most common including cereals, oilseeds, corn, cotton seeds, peanuts, spices, unrefined vegetable oils, cocoa, coffee and dried fruits. Sixteen different types of aflatoxins have been discovered and the most common types are aflatoxin B1, B2, G1, G2, M1 and M2.
Fumonisins: These moulds are predominately discovered as contaminants in countries that have a temperate climate. Corn is an example of one of the most frequent contaminated products. There is also evidence to indicate that this mould may also be present in malt brewing and grains. Fumonisin B1 and B2 are typical examples.
Trichothecene: These are members of the sesquiterpene family of compounds and there are 150 chemically-related mycotoxins which are present in this group. These mycotoxins are produced from Stachybotrys and they have been found in many different types of grains such as oats, wheat and maize. Satratoxin-H, T-2 mycotoxin and vomitoxin are common examples.
Ochratoxin: These are mycotoxins which are often produced from specific types of fungi, in particular aspergillus ochraceus or penicillium verrucosum. Naturally, they can be present in a number of different plants such as cocoa, beans, coffee, nuts and cereals. Ochatratoxin A, B and C are some of the common typical example of these mycotoxins.
Zearalenone: These are estrogenic metabolites which are formed from Gibberella and Fusarium species. It has a property of being heat stable and can be present throughout the world in many different cereal crops such as wheat, oats, rice, sorghum and maize. Typical example of toxic substances produced by Fusarium species include zearalenone, HT-2 toxin, deoxynivalenol and diacetoxyscirpenol.
Read more HERE.
The Global Miller
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which is published by Perendale Publishers Limited.
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